"How did you come up with this story?"

"Where does the money for filming come from?"

"Are you still making movies after graduation?"

……

　

Special feature of 1905 film network All these problems occurred in the "Pingyao Corner" unit of this year’s Pingyao International Film Exhibition. Many students from major film and television universities in China gathered here to raise their doubts in interactive communication.

These problems are not concentrated in Pingyao Film Festival. It can be said that this is the puzzle and problem that students in film and television colleges have been lingering in the stage of learning to create movies.

　

"One Corner of Pingyao" is the educational module of Pingyao Film Festival. Every day, excellent short film collections shot by students from a film and television university are arranged to be screened, and a venue is provided for students to communicate freely after the screening.

This year, seven film and television universities participated in the activities. Taking this opportunity, we got in touch with the film director students and teachers from different schools. In the interviews with them, we can vaguely spy out the development status of student directors in domestic film and television universities.

Learning film technology has benefited a lot, but I am still confused.

　

Domestic film director majors are mainly distributed in three types: film professional colleges, media colleges and Chinese-foreign joint-venture colleges. These different schools have different teaching modes for film creation.

　

For example, Zheng Yue, director of the School of Drama, Film and Television, Communication University of China, introduced after the screening that their directing courses will integrate the cultivation of drama, television and film. The director department of Beijing Film Academy is divided into three directions: film director, documentary director and film editing. Jia Zhangke, the founder and director of the film festival, is the dean of the vancouver film school. He introduced at the event that the director major of the college is to use the international teaching mode, especially to strengthen students’ actual combat training on the set.

　

Huang, Yue and Xu’s graduation short films were all selected to show in Pingyao this year. They came from different schools, and they all studied directing. When they mentioned the teaching mode of the school, they all agreed that what they learned the most was the technology and skills of the film, which benefited them a lot:

　

"Movies have an industrial system, and they need to learn technical skills. They are not free to play, and they can be filmed well if they want to.In addition to stories, you still need to master editing, photography and other technical means to make a good movie. The school mainly teaches the technical level, and then does free creation and expression by itself. "

　

Jia Zhangke also said that it is very free to create movies now, and the equipment for filming is also very convenient. However, after mastering the technology of filming, you have to improve your own cultural literacy and humanistic literacy, so that the level of your works can be improved.

　

“We will all be confused.",almost every student interviewed mentioned his confusion period, but their confusion is not the same. Some people like movies at first, but after learning movies, they find that they are incompetent and give up halfway. Some people just want to get a diploma from the beginning, and some people encounter difficulties in expression in their creation. …

　

Teacher Zhou Xinxia told us that these phenomena abound among the students she has taught:

　

"There is a great distance between hobbies and majors. From high school to college, it is a different leap. No one in college is staring at you, so you must be inspired by hobbies. In the environment of free learning, some people can’t find the north at once.

　

Watching movies is very interesting, but learning movies is very boring.Majors need to learn skills, not to master them at once. He will feel happy when he can really use these skills to create. But in the boring stage of learning, they often can’t survive. "

　

Lack of creative experience, the money for filming depends on parents.

　

After mastering the professional knowledge and technology of filming, many students also encounter many practical problems in the process of creating movie scripts.

　

Song, a local director in Shanxi, has been to Pingyao Film Festival for three years in a row. He has many questions in writing the script, such as whether to shoot a complete story or a simple event in a short film, but the school teacher did not give him a good answer. However, after consulting Qiu Yang, the director of this year’s "Pingyao Corner" opening film, he said that he was somewhat enlightened.

This actually reflects the students’ lack of experience in film creation, and another question commonly mentioned by the interviewed students also reflects this situation. They say that when writing a script, they are always uncertain about the understanding of roles other than the protagonist. "You may use your own logic and worldview to shape what you write, and you will imagine some unrealistic information for these characters, which is very unreal.”。

　

Zhang Yimou said in the master class of Pingyao Film Festival that suffering was the source of their previous creation. Teacher Zhou Xinxia also observed that she thought that students’ living conditions were better than in the past, and their understanding of a theme expression or role could not be as tight as in the past.

　

Although it is not mature enough, the works directed by students are richer in theme and type than in the past. Judging from a series of short films shown this time,Most students like to focus on personal emotional expression in their works.About their restless youth love, the life closely related to students and the affection between father and son.

　

Even though the production seems a little rough, these works are all based on their own truth, trying to dig out their softest feelings.

When it comes to specific shooting and production, the interviewed students all said that the behind-the-scenes team is not the main problem. Xu told us, "Since the freshman year, there have been small assignments that cooperate with other departments, and teachers will deliberately connect our cooperative relationship. For example, students in the recording class must cooperate with students in the director class once, so by the time the shooting is completed, the team is relatively mature.The hardest thing is actually money."

　

Although the school will provide some budget support, most of it will be raised by students themselves. “I’m grateful to my parents, who contributed hundreds of thousands of dollars."At the post-screening exchange meeting, Yue said directly that his short graduation film was entirely funded by his parents.

　

It is understood that at present, the production cost of joint graduation short films of students from major film and television universities in China is roughly 100,000-— 150,000 yuan, such a large sum is basically supported by family members, and many students indirectly made money from many projects or borrowed money from each other last semester.

　

“Majored in film, but it costs a lot of money.",an interviewed student said.

　

90% didn’t become a director after graduation, waiting for opportunities in the film and television circle.

After the graduation work is completed, do the directors directly enter the profession? The reality is not so ideal.

Zhou, a student from a media college, revealed, "Nearly half of the students in our class go to do variety shows, shoot advertisements and shoot Tik Tok after graduation, but few insist on making movies.There are also some graduates who continue to work in the film industry, including literary planning, editing, project development, publicity and distribution, but they are far from the core director’s work.

Teacher Zhou Xinxia also provided us with a data.In a certain session, 90% of the graduates of the North Film Director Department she brought were screenwriters.. She believes that the film market in China is getting bigger and bigger, and the demand for talents is getting higher and higher. Students who graduate from the director department don’t have to be directors. She often encourages students not to lock in the future immediately. It can take two or three years to find it, but it can’t take too long.

Several students from Beijing Film School who graduated this year also told us that the employment rate of graduates is very high, and there are many opportunities in the film industry. It is easy to find a job, but it is difficult to directly engage in director work.

　

They also revealed that if their own scripts are put into the venture capital units of major film festivals in China, the success rate of final implementation is not high, so they should sign a film company first, help the first-line creators, and silently wait for the opportunity of directing.

For these young people who are interested in directing, Ms. Zhou also gave some suggestions. She advocated that we can first talk to several film crews and get to know the various work departments of the film. "A film director needs the ability to organize and deal with people. I have worked with director Chen Kaige.Even a great director like Chen Kaige said that he carried seven or eight fire extinguishers every day and put out fires every day. Movies are created by many people. As a director, it is difficult to lead them if they don’t understand their majors."

Among the directors interviewed in this interview, they all have the dream of being a film director to make a feature film, but most of them still treat it with a normal heart, as one of the students said, "There is no hurry, just keep your passion, make money first, sharpen the script first, and accumulate first."

"2022 China Biofermentation Industry Conference and Biofermentation Nutrition and Health Industry Series Summit Forum" was held in Jinan.

Guided by scientific and technological innovation, promoting China to move towards a strong country of biological fermentation

□ Intern reporter of this newspaper Yan Li

On March 6th, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attended the joint meeting of the Fifth Session of the 13th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, he pointed out that it is necessary to establish a big food concept. We should ask for food from forests, rivers, lakes and seas, and protected agriculture. At the same time, we should expand from traditional crops and livestock and poultry resources to richer biological resources, develop biotechnology and biological industries, and ask plants, animals and microorganisms for heat and protein. Key words such as "biotechnology", "bio-industry" and "developing food resources" mentioned in the meeting pointed out the direction for the development of bio-fermentation industry in China.

In order to promote the integration of bio-economy and health industry, and promote the healthy, orderly and rapid development of bio-fermentation nutrition and health industry. From July 13th to 15th, the "2022 China Bio-fermentation Industry Conference and Bio-fermentation Nutrition and Health Industry Series Summit Forum" hosted by China Bio-fermentation Industry Association was held in Jinan, Shandong. At the forum, experts shared with the participants on topics such as "food protein resources", "nutrition and health", "industrial innovation" and "bioengineering technology" to discuss the road of high-quality development of China’s bio-fermentation industry.

Develop under the guidance of the concept of big food

The core of the concept of big food is diversification, which aims to meet the growing flavor, nutrition, health and cultural needs of the people.

Yu Xuejun, chairman of the China Bio-fermentation Industry Association, said that the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that since Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. Food is the most important thing for the people. In the new stage of China’s development towards a moderately developed country, the diversity and individualized demand of food, especially the increasing nutritional balance, has brought about a growing demand for nutrition-fortified products, functions and health foods, which has brought new development opportunities for the restructuring and variety increase of the bio-fermentation industry. The promulgation of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Bio-economic Development and Guiding Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Light Industry has put forward new requirements and given new missions to the development of bio-fermentation industry in China. At the same time, it has pointed out a new path and provided a new direction for the development of the industry. The bio-fermentation industry has broad prospects and great achievements, and the whole industry should conscientiously implement relevant policies.

Talking about the future development of the bio-fermentation industry, Yu Xuejun said that at present, the nutritional functional raw materials made by bio-fermentation in China have been widely used in food, feed, medicine, cosmetics and other industries, and the bio-fermentation industry has continued to promote the "three products" strategy, and related products have shifted from meeting consumers’ basic needs for food, clothing, housing and transportation to meeting consumers’ higher-level physical and mental health needs. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the bio-fermentation industry will actively respond to the national industrial policy, take scientific and technological innovation as the guide, adhere to green and low-carbon development, optimize the standard system, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with domestic macro-cycle as the main body and domestic and international dual-cycle promoting each other, open up blocking points, fill shortcomings, form effective supply, continuously meet people’s new needs for a better life, and solidly promote China’s progress from a big bio-fermentation country to a strong bio-fermentation country.

The high-quality development of bio-fermentation industry is inseparable from the help of scientific and technological innovation. Sun Baoguo, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, believes that the raw materials and products of China food industry should be diversified and standardized, the production should be modernized and the market should be internationalized. Talking about food innovation, Sun Baoguo said that in terms of food raw material innovation, industry enterprises should make healthy food that consumers love through functional mining, industrialization and modern production; The variety of food ingredients should be increased to realize the standard first and technological breakthrough; The industry should speed up the localization of advanced food additives and develop varieties of food additives with independent intellectual property rights. In terms of functional innovation of food, industrial enterprises should develop and produce various functional substances, and appropriately increase the content of functional substances in food through scientific and technological innovation to enhance the healthy function of food. In terms of food production innovation, industrial enterprises should rely on advanced and sustainable technology to upgrade and transform the traditional food industry with modern science and technology, and realize the leap from craft to craft, from experience to science, from manual operation to intelligent control.

Ma Yanhe, director of Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, China Academy of Sciences, said that the bio-fermentation industry should pay attention to three issues during its development. First, the raw material problem. At present, the raw material of China’s bio-fermentation industry is mainly grain starch, so it is necessary to speed up the breakthrough of non-grain raw material route. The second is the supply of core technologies. From raw materials to products, we need to rely on the integration of strains and processes to greatly improve the supply of key technologies in bio-manufacturing and transform the traditional chemical industry into a green and sustainable bio-manufacturing industry. Third, the issue of intellectual property rights. China’s fermentation industry ranks first in the world, but the lack of industrial strains is a bottleneck problem in the development of China’s bio-manufacturing industry. We should speed up the construction of independent intellectual property strains, establish an independent intellectual property system and a patent protection system, and participate in the international market competition of the industry.

Explore and advance in technological innovation

With the continuous improvement of productivity, the ability of human beings to use, transform and harmonize nature is constantly enhanced. Amino acids, enzyme preparations, yeast, probiotics … In various sub-sectors of the bio-fermentation industry, researchers are constantly overcoming technical difficulties and exploring rich food resources.

"Asking for heat and protein from plant and animal microorganisms" means that the bio-fermentation industry should constantly explore food protein resources. Chen Jian, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, believes that the bio-fermentation industry needs to pay special attention to three key points in obtaining protein from plants, microorganisms and animals. First, extreme enzymes will be more widely used in the future food industry because of their unique structure and chemical adaptation mechanism; Secondly, the construction technology of chassis cells, the synthetic ability of natural microbial strains is limited, and reprogramming specific cell chassis by synthetic biology is beneficial to improve efficiency. Researchers should start with the reconstruction and optimization of metabolic network, the design and creation of metabolic model, and the analysis and regulation of metabolic mechanism. The third is gas fermentation, in which industrial enterprises can use biological carbon fixation technology to produce fuel, chemicals, protein and other production necessities by using non-food gases with large stock and low value.

In addition to protein, nutrition and health are also the focus of the bio-fermentation industry, and vitamins, as an important nutritional chemical, have a direct relationship with people’s nutrition and health. Zheng Yuguo, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said that the production technology of vitamin nutrition products is in a critical period of transition from chemical synthesis to biosynthesis. There are still some problems in vitamin biosynthesis technology, such as long synthetic route, complex process control, inability to accurately control and low yield. It is necessary to combine tools and strategies of compositional analysis, laboratory evolution, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology and downstream integrated industry. The discovery and biosynthesis of vitamin products are the result of scientific discovery, technological development, engineering innovation and integrated industry in the biological industry. The development of more vitamin nutrition products and their bio-manufacturing technologies in the industry can break foreign monopoly, improve product quality and reduce production costs.

In terms of nutrition and health, Ren Fazheng, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, paid attention to fermented milk. He said that researchers discovered the functional mechanism of probiotics through the study of fermented milk, which gave birth to the development of probiotic industry. As a metabolic component of probiotics, metazoa can regulate intestinal flora, enhance intestinal barrier, and regulate immunity and metabolism. "In terms of technology, metametamaterials are stable in processing and storage, easy to produce and industrialize, and have a wider range of products. In terms of safety, metazoa will not cause bacteremia and transfer drug-resistant genes, which is suitable for newborns and sensitive people. In terms of probiotic function, metazoans have a wider target, are more easily absorbed by the intestine, and are not interfered by antibiotics. At present, metaproducts still need to break through the selection and engineering of key strains in production technology, establish qualitative and quantitative methods, and mine and separate functional factors. " Ren Fazheng said.

"It is the development direction of healthy food production technology to develop healthy food with natural food as raw material and gentle biological manufacturing strategy of nature." Lu Fuping, president of Tianjin University of Science and Technology, believes that at present, some traditional food processing technologies are being seriously challenged in terms of healthy food development technology. In the production process, chemical reaction is used to treat food raw materials, which increases the doping of harmful substances; Excessive processing reduces the nutritional value of food and increases the potential hazards. Large-scale material processing and transformation by using organisms is a new field of food. In the future, microbial cells and enzyme proteins will be used as catalysts, or modified new biomass will be used as raw materials to make food. This kind of food will be combined with genetic engineering, cell engineering, fermentation engineering, enzyme engineering, bioengineering and other technologies in the production process.

The exploration of bio-fermentation industry resources, technological breakthroughs and the application of achievements will ultimately serve the people’s good demand for healthy and delicious food.

1905 movie network news Recently, the animated film released the first Chinese dubbing preview and announced the Chinese dubbing lineup. The Dragon in the film is voiced by Jackie Chan, and the leading actor Ding Siqi and the leading actress Wang Lina are voiced by the new generation actors Junfeng Niu and Wei Wei respectively. The dragon in the trailer is naughty and cute, and even the "Little Dragon" shape has aroused many netizens. The friendship story between Ding Siqi and Wang Lina vividly shows the joy of reunion of old friends with the voice of Junfeng Niu and Wei Wei.

The "wishing" version of the dubbing poster and the "dancing dragon" version of the dubbing poster were also exposed. Junfeng Niu and Wei Wei closed their eyes and made a wish, making the "wishing" version of the poster look quite blessed; And the "Dancing Dragon" version of the dubbing poster Jackie Chan dances the dragon with Junfeng Niu and Wei Wei, and the joyful atmosphere is coming, which makes people look forward to the arrival of the New Year and good luck.

The animated film Wish Dragon is directed by Chris Eberhans, and the father of the series, Aron Warner, will join hands with Chris Brambo and Jackie Chan as producers. It will be released on January 15th, 2021, and will be shown nationwide during the New Year holiday.

Jackie Chan’s dubbing shows "contrast and sprouting power" to be funny and eye-catching.　　

Junfeng Niu Weiwei interprets friendship and companionship with heart.

In the Chinese dubbing preview, Shenlong appeared in front of Ding Siqi for the first time "handsome for three seconds", and was praised by Ding Siqi for "good skin", but also tortured by the soul "Can you breathe fire?" Especially in the promotion of the best-selling wishes in history, such as "a golden mountain" and "a thousand troops and horses, the apprentice", the scene of being beaten in series is unbearable.

Jackie Chan vividly interprets the changeable character of the Dragon through various voices, especially in Little Dragon, who is equipped with a teapot lid, asking Ding Siqi to make a wish as soon as possible, which is even more impressive for off the charts. The fierce milk fiercely highlights the ghost horse and cuteness of the Dragon, leaving a very deep impression on the audience.

Junfeng Niu has attracted a lot of attention because of his wonderful performance in the hit drama "Hidden and Great". Before that, he won the championship in the first season of "Actor in Place". After 17 years of playing, he has accumulated profound performance experience. This time, he is very familiar with the voice of the leading actor "Ding Siqi" in Wish Dragon, saying, "Is there anything more precious than friendship?" Four or two strokes show Ding Siqi’s kindness and simplicity, and point out the important theme of the film: friendship and companionship.

Wei Wei made her mark with the role of "Xiao Su Mingyu" in the phenomenal TV series "Everything’s Fine", and also participated in the first season of "Actor in Place", and her performance was well received. In Wish Dragon, Wei Wei shows the gentle and firm character of the heroine "Wang Lina" incisively and vividly by handling and grasping the sound details. Their voices are well coordinated and complementary, which makes people look forward to their more wonderful performances in the film.

Good luck in the new year, auspicious dragons flying in the sky, full of blessings　

The first choice for family fun to watch movies　

The dubbing poster of "Make a Wish" released together, Junfeng Niu and Wei Wei made a wish to Shenlong in a pious manner. The wishing words on the poster should not only match the names of the two actors, "Come and make a wish, and the Year of the Ox will bring good luck and blessings to the audience next year," Take a share immediately, and Wei will laugh all the year round "will bring you happy wishes in the comedy atmosphere of the film.

The dubbing poster of "Dancing Dragon" is even more festive. Jackie Chan, Junfeng Niu and Wei Wei "Dancing Dragon" together, and the joyful atmosphere of celebrating the New Year is coming to the fore. The flying of auspicious dragons also symbolizes good luck. The poster of "Dancing Dragon" adds a warmth to the upcoming New Year.

The animated film Wish Dragon will be shown on New Year’s Day holiday in 2021, and the pink cute dragon will be airborne to the national cinema in advance. Whether it is the affection between Ding Siqi and his mother, the friendship between Ding Siqi and Wang Lina and Shenlong, or the action scenes full of jokes, Wish Dragon can make audiences of different ages experience different movie-watching fun, which can be described as the first choice for family fun in 2021.

After paying attention to the current college entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination, both children and parents can relax first. Let’s pay attention to the "ancient college entrance examination" together. In the long history, there have been many godlike "schoolmasters" who have extraordinary will, enviable talent or extraordinary ability to take exams. Let’s take a look.

Su Qin thorn stocks reading map

Su Qin

School scum attacks the prime ministers of the six countries

Su Qin, as one of the protagonists of the "hanging beam and stabbing stock", has a legendary life.

Like all cool men, Su Qin got off to a bad start. Persuaded the king of Qin to submit the memorial for many times, but his idea was not adopted. After running out of money, Su Qin left the state of Qin and returned to his hometown, which was a great blow. His wife, sister-in-law and parents all despise him.

The huge blow from his family made Su Qin study hard as if he had beaten chicken blood. This counterattack drama, which is loved by the general public, is written in "Warring States Policy": It is a book published at night, with dozens of Chen Zuo, and it is the plot of the Taigong Yinfu, and it is recited and succinct. When he was sleepy after reading, he pricked himself with a cone, bleeding to his feet. He said, "An said that a man is the master, but he can’t show his wealth and splendor, so who will take the respect of a young man?" At the end of the year, I figured it out and said, "This can really be said to be the king of the world."

Ordinary people fell asleep when they were reading. Su Qin didn’t. He stabbed himself in the thigh with an awl to stay awake. Finally, this hard-working study achieved results. After learning, Su Qin lobbied the kings to win, and the six countries sealed their faces, which made him famous all over the world. He was so glorious that he despised his family and was slapped in the face, one by one to please him.

It can be said that Su Qin is a proper master of inspirational literature, and changed his destiny by learning.

Cui Yuanhan

Unprecedented "ternary sum"

The ancient imperial examination was divided into three levels: after having obtained a local examination, after having obtained an examination, and palace examination. After having obtained the provincial examination, the first name was Xieyuan, the first name was Huiyuan, and the first place in palace examination was the champion. Those who win the first place in all three exams are called "Sanyuan Ji".

Under normal circumstances, after having obtained the provincial examination, the general examination and palace examination are held once every three years, and there are a large number of people taking the examination. For example, in the three-year general examination in Chunhua, Song Taizong, the number of people taking the examination reached more than 17,000, which is a real hammering across the wooden bridge.

In the history of China’s imperial examination for more than 1000 years, there were millions of juren and 100,000 scholars, but only more than 600 people won the first prize. It is rare to be able to solve the problem, meet the needs and win the top prize.

Cui Yuanhan in the Tang Dynasty was the first "Sanyuanji" university god in history.

Cui Yuanhan was born in a aristocratic family, and he was very good at reading since he was a child. He has the skills of learning gods, such as quick reading and unforgettable memory. After obtaining the first place in the provincial examination and the examination, he successfully participated in the palace examination of Xinyouke in the second year of Tang Dezong Jianzhong. At that time, the test question was "Bai Yun Qi Feng Zhong Fu", and Cui Yuanhan played steadily and won the first place in the history, becoming the first person to achieve the achievement of "Three Yuan Ji".

It is worth mentioning that Cui Yuan-han’s younger brothers, Cui Ao and Cui Bei, also took part in the palace examination, and both of them obtained the Jinshi, which shows that Cui’s family is a bit academic.

After palace examination in the Tang Dynasty, there were often three tests, namely, "erudite and generous words", "virtuous and upright" and "outspoken and remonstrant", all of which were very difficult.

Li Shangyin said in the Book of Scholars with Tao: "It’s not easy for my husband to say that he is knowledgeable and eloquent. The disasters of heaven and earth have been solved, the rise and fall of personnel have been investigated, the emperor Wang Zhidao has known everything, the sages have known everything, and the insects, plants, ghosts and spirits have been brought down, and everything has been done, so we have to have a meeting. "

Visible light, a "learned macro-word", is not easy. Candidates need to know astronomy and geography, and they must be all-round talents.

After winning the first place in palace examination, Cui Yuanhan also won the first place in these three assessments, showing the heroic spirit of a generation of learning gods.

Song Yao and Song Qi

Xueba brothers won the "double champion"

Xueba is usually a nest, with Cui family in Tang Dynasty and Song family in Song Dynasty.

Song Gui was a famous sage at that time, and his two sons, Song Yao and Song Qi, were equally talented. Under the influence of their father, they studied hard at an early age and achieved great success. At that time, they were called "Er Song".

In the second year of Song Renzong Tiansheng, the "Second Song Dynasty" took part in the scientific research, and indeed achieved good results. The Ministry of Rites drew up Song Qi as the first place in Jinshi No.1, and Song Yu as the third place.

At that time, the Queen Mother was amazed to see that the two brothers had entered the top three at the same time. However, she thought that the top three were dominated by the second brother, and it was not appropriate to be ranked as a younger brother over the older brother. Therefore, it was "black-box operation", which made Song Yu the top scholar and Song Qi the tenth.

I don’t know why it spread to the people, who paid more attention to the real strength than the order of seniority, so the people still regarded Song Qi as the top scholar, so one of the "Second Song Dynasty" was "the top scholar given by Qin" and the other was "the top scholar among the people", and there was a beautiful talk that the two brothers won the double top scholar in the same subject.

Huangguan

Six top scholars who were removed from the list

As we said before, there are three yuan, that is, after having obtained the provincial examination, palace examination won the first place. In fact, there are three yuan before having obtained the provincial examination, having obtained the provincial examination and palace examination, that is, the county examination, the government examination and the college examination. Xiao Sanyuan takes the test of getting a scholar, and only after getting a scholar can he be qualified to take the provincial examination.

It’s great to get the first place in all six exams, and that’s the level of super god. Looking back at the history of the imperial examination for thousands of years, only two people have achieved such achievements, that is, Huang Guan in the Ming Dynasty and Qian Qi in the Qing Dynasty.

Qian Qi won the top prize at the age of 48, while Huang Guan was the master of the Grand Slam at the age of 27, which can be described as the master of learning. Huang Guan Hongwu of Ming Dynasty took the first place in the provincial examination in the 23rd year, and took the first place in the next year’s examination. In the same year, he took part in palace examination and won the first place in palace examination.

In two years, he won the first place in the three big exams, and suddenly there was no limelight. People were very curious about this top scholar Lang, so they went to pick up his learning experience. As a result, it was found that Huang Guan not only "won three yuan in a row", but also won the first place in the county, government and college exams that had previously obtained scholars. As the saying goes, "three yuan is in the world, and six songs are not in the world", and Huang Guan created a miracle in the history of imperial examinations with extraordinary strength.

After Huang Guan entered the DPRK as an official, he won the appreciation of Zhu Yuanzhang and Emperor Jianwen, and his official career was smooth. After Zhu Di, the prince of Yan, launched the "Battle of Jing Nan", Huang Guan drafted an imperial edict, "satirizing his desertion and returning to the vassal state, apologizing for it, and denouncing it extremely", thus offending Zhu Di.

After Zhu Di acceded to the throne, of course, it was necessary to punish the disobedient courtiers at that time. He drew up a list of "treacherous court officials" of more than 50 people, and Huang Guan ranked sixth. After Huang Guan threw himself into the river, Zhu Di did not feel avenged, and ordered people to put on Huang Guan’s hat and cut off Huang Guan’s body double grass man’s head. At the same time, he made people delete the official records, removed Huang Guan’s name and stripped him of the title of champion.

Because of this reason, the historical materials of the Ming Dynasty kept Huang Guan a secret, except Huang Guan when taking stock of the three elements of the Ming Dynasty, saying only that "in the end of the Ming Dynasty, the first of three trials, (business) only one person".

Editor: Zhu Yangxia

Editor: Chen Taiyong

Audit: Feng Fei